用编程求行列式怎么求

时间:2025-01-25 05:02:09 游戏攻略

在编程中,求行列式有多种方法,以下是一些常见的方法及其C语言实现:

1. 按行(列)展开法

选择矩阵的某一行(列),将该行(列)的每个元素与其对应的代数余子式相乘,然后求和。代数余子式是去掉第i行和第j列后的子矩阵的行列式,乘以$(-1)^{(i+j)}$。

```c

include

include

double determinant(double matrix, int n) {

double det = 0.0;

int i, j, k;

if (n == 1) {

return matrix;

}

if (n == 2) {

return matrix * matrix - matrix * matrix;

}

double submatrix = (double )malloc((n - 1) * sizeof(double *));

for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {

submatrix[i] = (double *)malloc((n - 1) * sizeof(double));

}

for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {

for (j = 1; j < n; j++) {

for (k = 0; k < n; k++) {

if (k == i) {

continue;

}

submatrix[i][j - 1] = matrix[j][k];

}

}

det += ((-1) (i + 1)) * matrix[i] * minor(submatrix, n - 1, i);

}

for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {

free(submatrix[i]);

}

free(submatrix);

return det;

}

double minor(double matrix, int n, int i) {

int submatrix = (double )malloc((n - 1) * sizeof(double *));

for (int j = 0; j < n - 1; j++) {

submatrix[j] = (double *)malloc((n - 1) * sizeof(double));

}

for (int row = 0, col = i + 1; row < n; row++, col++) {

for (int k = 0, sub_col = 0; k < n; k++, sub_col++) {

if (k == i) {

continue;

}

submatrix[row][sub_col] = matrix[row][k];

}

}

double det = determinant(submatrix, n - 1);

for (int j = 0; j < n - 1; j++) {

free(submatrix[j]);

}

free(submatrix);

return det;

}

int main() {

double matrix = {

{1, 2, 3},

{4, 5, 6},

{7, 8, 9}

};

double matrix_ptr = (double )malloc(3 * sizeof(double *));

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

matrix_ptr[i] = matrix[i];

}

printf("Determinant: %f\n", determinant(matrix_ptr, 3));

free(matrix_ptr);

return 0;

}

```

2. 高斯消元法

通过初等行变换将矩阵化为上三角矩阵,然后将对角线元素相乘得到行列式。